Filariasis

Lymphatic filariasis is infection with the filarial worms, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi or B. timori. These parasites are transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito and develop into adult worms in the lymphatic vessels, causing severe damage and swelling (lymphoedema). Elephantiasis – painful, disfiguring swelling of the legs and genital organs – is a classic sign of late-stage disease.

The infection can be treated with drugs. However, chronic conditions may not be curable by anti-filarial drugs and require other measures, e.g. surgery for hydrocele, care of the skin and exercise to increase lymphatic drainage in lymphoedema.

Lymphatic filariasis is a leading cause of permanent disability worldwide. Communities frequently shun and reject women and men disfigured by the disease. Affected people frequently are unable to work because of their disability, and this harms their families and their communities.

The Centers for Disease Control recommends sleeping under an LLIN as an effective method to help avoid infection with lymphatic filariasis.

Filariasis is considered endemic in tropical and sub-tropical regions of Asia, Africa, Central, South America and Pacific Island nations, with more than 120 million people infected and one billion people at risk for infection.

Of 81 countries listed by WHO as being endemic for lymphatic filariasis, 68 countries have completed mapping their endemic foci, 11 countries have made progress and 2 have yet to start the process.